Meaning
definitions
importance
objectives
Meaning of Distance learning Education in India
The term 'distance education' is known by a variety of names: 'correspondence education', 'open education.' 'home study,' 'independent study' 'off campus study,' etc. it is also known by the term external system of education'. it lays emphasis not only on part media but also on non print media, multi-media approach is the corner-stone of distance education system.
in India, three terms are most popular. external appearance (private appearance), correspondence education (print media) and 'distance education' (multi media approach).
Distance education is an outcome of certain historical, social and technological force. it is a system of education related to the development of the electronic mass media of communication.
it has made possible for several countries, to open up a whole TV channel for transmission of educational programmes, throughout the day. two way television transmission makes possible communication of educational programmes as well as a quick feedback on them.
Distance education is a non-conformist and non-traditional approach which questions norms of traditional education and seeks to give precedence to a new and a different set of norms. it is innovative as it sets aside methodologies based on the use of traditional oral instructions.
The non-conformist nature of distance education is evident from the fact it assumes premises about the nature of learning that are vastly different from those assumed by a traditional system of education. it has its own dialectic which arises out of its endeavour to overcome the problems implicit in imparting instruction to students who are at a distance from the teacher and, or the institution.
Definitions of Distance education
1.Borje Holmberg:
''The various form of study at all levels which are not under continuous, immediate supervision of tutors present with their students in lecture rooms on the same premises, but which, nevertheless, benefit from the planning, guidance and tuition of a tutorial organisation.in this definitions distance education is being looked upon as an organised educational programmes.
2. Wedemeyer (1977):
''Independent study consists of various forms of teaching learning arrangements in which teachers and learners carry out their essential tasks and responsibilities apart from one another, communicating in a variety of ways. its purpose are to free on campus or internal learners from inappropriate class placing or patterns, to provide off campus or external learners with the opportunity to continue learning in their own environments, and developing in all learners the capacity to carry on self directed learning, the ultimate maturity required of the educated person.This definitions suggests two kinds of 'independent study'. one for the on-campus learner who may not want to and or need to attend lectures regularly; the other for the off-campus learner who in any way is on his own. but, both these kinds are subordinate to the overwhelming idea of the ultimate social purpose-liberal education for social welfare. in the United states of America, the expression 'independent study' is extensively being used to main both' correspondence education and open learning.
3.Peters(1973).
Distance education is a method of imparting knowledge, skills, and attitudes which is rationalized by the application of division of labour and organisational principles as well as by the extensive use of technical media, specially for the purpose of reproducing high quality teaching material which makes it possible to instruct great numbers of students at the same time wherever they live. it is an industrialized form of teaching and learning.''Besides the use of technical media and mass education, this definitions emphasises a specific ethos relating to distance education to the nature of the industrial society. distance education is a system arising from the new and specific needs of an industrialised society in which almost all activity, including education has to fit into time-schedules geared to more rigid working and learning condition.
4.Moore (1976).
''Distance teaching may be defined as the family of instructional methods in which the teaching behaviour are performed apart from learning behaviours. including those that in a contiguous situation would be performed in the learner's presence. so that communication between the teacher and the learner must be facilitated by print, electronic, mechanical or other devices.''5.Dohmen (1977).
Distance education is a ''systematically organised form of self study in which students counselling, the presentation of learning material and securing and dupervising of students success is carried out by a team of teachers, each of whom has responsibilities. it is made possible at a distance by means of media which can cover long distances.''This definition lays emphasis upon the importance of self-study. like wedemeyer and Moore, Dohmen also emphasises the use of the media to reach the consumer of education.
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Importance of Distance education.
1.The separation of teacher and learner:
The teacher and the learner are separated from each other.2.the role of the educational organisation.
As an institutionalised kind of educational system, Distance education is distinct from private study which result from private reading or watching TV or attending a talk etc.3.The place of the technical media.
Distance education makes use of the various technically advanced media such as printing, telephone, audio-video, broadcasting, computer, etc.
4.Two way communication.
it is two way communication because the students is able to respond through response sheets or other media and, therefore, can receive feedback. the student can enter into a dialogue with the institution.5.The separation of the learner from his peer group.
each students is separated from his peer group, in the sense that although the learners from a fairly sizable population, they do not have face-to-face encounters among themselves. thus, distance education is a highly individualised learning system. even though study group may be formed under distance education learning programmes , these may not be compulsory and the student is free to work entirely on his own.6. Industrialization ;
distance education is a specific answer to a specific need. modern industrial society has created a need for a more capsular kind of education. it has developed the necessary technology to be able to structure an educational system that will cater to such a specialized kind of need for education.Objectives of Distance education.
1. to advance and disseminate learning and knowledge by a diversity of means.
2.to provide a second opportunity to study to those who missed such an opportunity earlier.
3.to give a chance to those who could not go to the conventional system and they would not like to study.
4.to meet demands due to shortage of scientific and technical manpower in the traditional system being unable to cope with the demand.
5.to improve the quality and standard of education. there is a need to make education relevant to the needs of the country and to provide life long education for working people and house wives.
6. to reduce the pressure of the secondary education students.
objectives of Indra Gandhi National Open University.
1. to provide opportunities for higher education to a large population.
2.to promote the educational standard
3.to encourage the system of distance education
4.to coordinate and determine the standards of education of the country.
5.to facilitate the provision of our constitution i.e equalization of educational opportunities
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