Educational evaluation its meaning and characteristic
Evaluation is considered as an investment in human being in terms of development of human resources, skills,motivation, knowledge and the like. evaluation of both the processes and products of education become imperative not only to convince as to what business is going on in the whole education enterprise, but also more seriously, to know as to what extent the goals of education have been achieved. in short, it helps build an educational programme, assess its achievements and improve upon its effectiveness. it serves as an in-built moniter within the programme to review, from time to time, the progress in learning. it also provides valuable feedback on the design and the implementation of the programme. thus the role and that evaluation plays in any educational programme is significant.
Measurement process is also an important in the learning system. the measurement has more administrative utility in education than evaluation. an evaluation process is useful in modifying and improving learning system and instructional procedure. the measurement is precise and objective than evaluation. hence, it is mostly used in measuring the learning outcome.
Test are mainly of two kinds-
Essay type and
Objective type.
the essay type test means an examination system in which pupils give response to many questions of the curriculum in some fixed duration in the form of an essay.
The objective type test are usually prepared by teachers. it requires the mastery of subject or area and the knowledge and skill of objective type test construction. the objective type test are also known as new type of examination or tests.
The main focus of educative process is to improve the performance or learning of the students. the learning outcome of the students are measured with the help of their achievement or performance.
In the 1960, a new team entered, the vocabularies of measurement specialists, criterion referenced test. it referred to a particular kind of text and unconventional approach to the measurement of educational achievement. test of this kind were also referred to objectives referenced or domain referenced and were contrasted with the more conventional standardised or teacher made test, which are referred to norm-referenced test.
Meaning of Evaluation.
Evaluation is a social and psychological process used in every field of life. an individual evaluates the behaviour of other individuals. he also evaluates his own action at regular intervals considering other individuals behaviour changes as criterion. in the field of education, the evaluation is linked with the learning objectives. therefore, while, evaluating his teaching every teacher observes whether the behavioural changes which have occured in the pupils are with reference to the pre-determined learning objectives or not. thus, the teaching and testing go on side by side.
The term evaluation conveys several meanings in education and psychology. the evaluation is both qualitative as well as quantitative process. the term evaluation has been defined in the following manner-
According to Bradfield and Moredock,
''Evaluation is an assignment of symbols to a phenomenon in order to characterize the worth of value of a phenomenon in order to characteristic the worth of value of a phenomenon usually with reference to some social, cultural or scientific standard''.
According to Hanna,
''Evaluation is the process of gathering and interpreting evidence on changes in the behaviour of all students as they progress through school''.Writingstone states in the Encyclopedia of Educational Research that
, ''Evaluation is a relatively new technical term introduce to designate a more comprehensive concept of measurement than is implied in conventional tests and examination.''It is evident from the above definitions that evaluation in educational content implies broad programme than the examination in which achievements, attitudes, interests, personality traits and skills factors are taken in consideration. thus, congnitive, effective and psychomotor learning outcome are measured in the evaluation process. the success and failure of teaching depends upon teaching strategies, tactics and aids. thus, evaluation approach improves the instructional procedure and makes teaching activities more purposive and objective centred.
Chief characteristics of Evaluation process:-
the following are the characteristics of evaluation process.
1.Comprehensive;-
Evaluation is a comprehensive process. cognitive aspect is evaluated in essay type examination. one also evaluates the changes which occur in affective and conative aspects. it includes all the changes which occur in all aspect of pupils personality, mental, social and moral aspects of pupils. thus, rvaluation is a comprehensive method to test the pupils. it includes both measurement and evaluation.
2.Continuous;-
Evaluation is a continuous process closely related to the learning objectives. in accordance with educational objectives, the desirable learning experiences are created in the pupil and the behavioural changes which occur day-to-day are recorded. on the basis if this record, the ranking of pupils is made and they are promoted to the next higher class.
3.Social:-
Evaluation is a social process. while all the aspects of personality are evaluated, it is also evaluated whether the teaching has been conducted according to the needs, ideals and norms of the society.
4.Descriptive :-
Evaluation is a descriptive process. it assesses the progress which occurs in all the aspects of the pupils.5.Co-operative;-
Evaluation is a co-operative process. the source of pupils promotion is the pupil himself. as he writes in his answer books, so he gets the marks. in evaluation, the necessary material is collected through co-operation of all the sources like teacher, pupils and parents. then progress is evaluated.
6.Decisive:-
Evaluation is a decisive process. after this, is decided -a. whether any object or process is useful or not,
b.to what extent teaching is successful according to the determined educational objectives,
c.whether the learning experiences provided to the pupils in the class are effective.
d. how far the teaching objectives have been achieved. if not achieved then whether the remedial
instruction should be given or the teaching strategies are to be modified. while evaluation measures the educational achievements, it also improves the teaching process.
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