The problem solving method in indian education
as defined by C.V. Good, ''The problem solving method is a method of instruction by which is stimulated by the creation of challenging situation that demand solution. it is a specific procedure by which a major problem is solved through the combined solutions of a number of smaller related problems.'' the problem method consists of the organisation of the school work to present to the learner a genuine problem that callenges him to a sustained effort to achieve its solution on mental plane. problems in the class-room should originate from the suggestions by the teacher and the pupils working in cooperation. teacher may take the entire course in history, in terms of one big problem. units may also be taken as problems, which become sub-topics of one big problem. class-room problems vary greatly in nature and complexity. the simplest may be in the form of an ordernary question whose solution involves only a little bit of factual knowledge. the difficult problem may be in the form of a unit- ''How the British traders become rulers of India.'' its solution involves the collection of material and facts from different sources for at lest a couple of weeks or even more.
The problem method is characterized by mental activity and critical thinking. it is produces good results when used with secondary school pupils.
Definition of problem method:
1.N.L Bossing. ''Thr problem method consists of the organisation of the school work in such a way as to present to the mind of the learner a genuine problem that challenges him to sustained effort to achieve its solution on a mental plane.''
2.Good's Dictionary of education. problem method is a ''manner of dealing with that which a problematic, a method involving clear definition of problem confronted, formation of hypothetical solution, deliberate test of hypothesis unit evidence warrants its acceptance.''
3.Yokan and Simpson. ''problem solving method is a method in which a person uses his ability to solve the problems which confrond him, enables a man to exercise control over his activities and his environment. without it he is at the mercy and cannot make intelligent social progress.''
4.Rusk.''problem solving may be defined as planned attack upon a difficulty or preplexity for the purpose of finding a satisfactory solution.''
5.Ross ''problem solving is an educational device whereby the teacher and the pupils attempts in a conscious, planned, purposeful effort to arrive at an explanation or solution to some educationally significant difficulty.''
thus, in problem method a problem felt difficult to act in an educational situation is realised,and then an attempt is made in an intelligent, planned and purposeful way to find its solution. thus, the problem method consists of conscious, meaningful and well integrated activity. it begins with a problematic solution and adopts the problem solving procedure.
Distinctions between problem and project
1. In the problem method the emphasis is on the mental solution reached rather than on a practical accomplishment. project is a more purposeful and constructive activity. it embraces both intellectual and physical problem. but it is characterised chiefly by mental activity and critical thinking. it is, therefore more directly applicable to the school level instruction.
2. In the words of Wilson and Wilson, ''but even a thoroughly motivated problem is not a project. the problem may be solved in thought only, while the project requires the completion of some objective piece of work based upon a problem or a series of problem..
the difference is that the problem solution may end in throught while the project can end only with the successful completion of an objective unit of work.''
Objectives of problem method
1. To present the knowledge to be learnt in the form of problem, the solution of which requires activity on the part of the pupils and indirectly they acquire the needed knowledge.
2. To gain useful and real knowledge in natural setting in a correlated manner.
3. To set problems to the students in such a manner that the students are genuinely interested to solve them.
Characteristics of good problem
1.Real. problems should be real rather than artificial.
2.Interesting. problems should be interesting
3. suitable. problems should be suitable to the age, needs, mental and physical capacities and resourcefulness of the students.
4. Related of life. problems should be related to actual life.
5.Thought provoking. problems should be thought provoking. they may present a genuine difficulty, which demands reflective thinking on the part of the learners.
6. correlated with environment. problems should be correlated with physical and social environment of the students.
7. correlated with previous knowledge- problems selected should have correlation with the already gain knowledge of the students.
8. educational value- problem should be of educational value.
9. Maximum activity- problem should provide maximum of activity and useful knowledge to the students.
10. clear and definite- problem should be clear and definite.
11. Fitting in curricular organisation - problems should be fitting in the present of curriculum organisation.
12.No financial strain- problems should cause no financial strain on the resources of the school or the students.
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